--- title: GrowPerma Blog (2) description: (2) --- [Skip to content](https://growperma.com/blog/page/2#main-content) [![GrowPerma](https://growperma.com/hubfs/icon-512.png)](https://growperma.com/) - [Blog](https://growperma.com/blog) - [About](https://growperma.com/about) [Join the Weekly Dig](https://growperma.com/newsletter) - [Blog](https://growperma.com/blog) - [About](https://growperma.com/about) [Join the Weekly Dig](https://growperma.com/newsletter) # GrowPerma Blog Evidence-based permaculture guides, companion planting charts, and sustainable gardening strategies. [All](https://growperma.com/blog/all) [Soil & Composting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/soil-composting) [Companion Planting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/companion-planting) [Permaculture Foundations](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/permaculture-foundations) [Food Forest](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/food-forest) [Syntropic Agriculture](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/syntropic-agriculture) [Permaculture Around the World](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/permaculture-around-the-world) ![Red seven-spotted ladybugs feeding on flowering dill and yarrow umbels in a late summer vegetable garden with cosmos and calendula behind](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0544-hero-ladybugs-on-dill-20260907-143702.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0544-hero-ladybugs-on-dill-20260907-143702.webp) 7 Sep [Companion Planting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/companion-planting) ## Plants That Attract Ladybugs (and What They Eat) Peter Vogel ![Mature multi-stemmed perennial kale plant with woody base and blue-green leaves in an autumn garden bed beside smaller annual kale seedlings](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0543-hero-perennial-kale-plant-20260907-142138.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0543-hero-perennial-kale-plant-20260907-142138.webp) 7 Sep [Permaculture Foundations](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/permaculture-foundations) ## Perennial Kale: Varieties, Hardiness and How to Keep It Going Peter Vogel ![Gardener standing on a broadfork with tines sunk deep into a garden bed, loosened crumbly soil beside untouched compacted ground](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0542-hero-broadforking-bed-20260907-140250.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0542-hero-broadforking-bed-20260907-140250.webp) 7 Sep [Soil & Composting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/soil-composting) ## Hardpan Soil: How to Find It and Break It Up Peter Vogel ![Frost-covered winter vegetable bed with Lacinato kale, leeks and Brussels sprouts at dawn, ice crystals outlining every leaf vein](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0540-hero-cold-hardy-vegetables-20260907-132838.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0540-hero-cold-hardy-vegetables-20260907-132838.webp) 7 Sep [Permaculture Foundations](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/permaculture-foundations) ## Cold Hardy Vegetables: What Survives Frost, and How Far Down Peter Vogel ![Hands rolling a seed ball on a wooden table beside bowls of red clay powder, compost and wildflower seeds with finished balls drying](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0539-hero-making-seed-bombs-20260907-131308.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0539-hero-making-seed-bombs-20260907-131308.webp) 7 Sep [Permaculture Foundations](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/permaculture-foundations) ## Seed Bombs: How to Make Them, and Whether They Work Peter Vogel ![Gardener scattering coarse blue-green greensand from a scoop over a dark autumn garden bed with an amendment sack and trowel nearby](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0541-hero-greensand-spreading-20260907-134704.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0541-hero-greensand-spreading-20260907-134704.webp) 7 Sep [Soil & Composting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/soil-composting) ## Greensand Fertilizer: What It Actually Does for Soil Peter Vogel ![Mature multi-stemmed serviceberry tree loaded with purple-blue berries in a backyard food forest with a cedar waxwing perched among the fruit](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0537-hero-serviceberry-tree-20260907-124311.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0537-hero-serviceberry-tree-20260907-124311.webp) 7 Sep [Food Forest](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/food-forest) ## Serviceberry: The Native Fruit Tree Nobody Harvests Peter Vogel ![Backyard vegetable bed covered in taut clear plastic for soil solarization with condensation underneath and productive beds alongside](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0538-hero-solarization-bed-20260907-125835.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0538-hero-solarization-bed-20260907-125835.webp) 7 Sep [Soil & Composting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/soil-composting) ## Soil Solarization vs Tarping: Which One Clears Your Bed Peter Vogel ![Mature shea trees with broad crowns scattered across a field of ripening sorghum and millet in northern Ghana at golden hour](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0534-hero-shea-parkland-ghana-20260907-113122.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0534-hero-shea-parkland-ghana-20260907-113122.webp) 7 Sep [Permaculture Around the World](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/permaculture-around-the-world) ## Shea Tree: Keystone of West African Parkland Farming Peter Vogel ![Wooden self-contained composting toilet in a tidy off-grid cabin bathroom with a sawdust bucket and vent pipe running through the ceiling](https://growperma.com/hs-fs/hubfs/blog/images/gp-0536-hero-composting-toilet-cabin-20260907-122916.webp?width=400&height=220&name=gp-0536-hero-composting-toilet-cabin-20260907-122916.webp) 7 Sep [Permaculture Foundations](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/permaculture-foundations) ## How a Composting Toilet Works, and What It Really Costs Peter Vogel [1](https://growperma.com/blog) [2](https://growperma.com/blog/page/2) [3](https://growperma.com/blog/page/3) [4](https://growperma.com/blog/page/4) [5](https://growperma.com/blog/page/5) ![GrowPerma](https://growperma.com/hubfs/icon-512.png) Gardens That Work Like Forests — the smart-friend guide to permaculture for normal backyards. #### Explore - [Blog](https://growperma.com/blog) - [Companion Planting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/companion-planting) - [Soil & Composting](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/soil-composting) - [Food Forests](https://growperma.com/blog/tag/food-forest) #### Resources - [About](https://growperma.com/about) - [All Articles](https://growperma.com/blog) #### Legal - [Imprint](https://growperma.com/imprint) - [Privacy Policy](https://growperma.com/privacy-policy) - [Affiliate Disclosure](https://growperma.com/affiliate-disclosure) As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. 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